@article{21,
author = "Ivelina Mitkova Nikolova ",
abstract = "A study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of few neonicotinoids, namely Mospilan 20 SP - 3000 g/ha (200 g a.i./kg acetamiprid); Calypso 480 SC-300 ml/ha (480g a.i./l thiacloprid); Proteus 110 OD - 700 ml/ha (100g a.i./l thiacloprid + 10g a.i./l deltamethrin) and pyrethroids: Duet 530 EC -500 ml/ha (50g a.i./l cypermethrin + 480g a.i./l chlorpyrifos-ethyl); Nurele Hlorsirin D 550 EC - 400 ml/ha (50g a.i./l cypermethrin + 500g a.i./l chlorpyrifosethyl) and Fury 10 EC - 100 ml/ha (100g a.i./l zeta-cypermethrin) used for individual and simultaneous chemical control of against Bruchus pisi L. and Acyrthosiphon pisi Kalt. The treatment with insecticides was committed after the findings of the first pea weevil eggs on pods located on bottom two nodes. The pest species numbers were reported on the first, third, fifth and seventh day after treatment. The method of sweeping with entomological net was used. It was found, that the best protection against Bruchus pisi on spring forage pea (Pisum Sativum L.) provided acetamiprid, followed by zeta-cypermethrin and thiacloprid. The control of Acyrthosiphon pisi was the most efficient by treatment with cypermethrin+chlorpyrifos-ethyl, followed by acetamiprid, thiacloprid and thiacloprid+deltamethrin, which showed the fast initiation effect and long-lasting activity. Simultaneous chemical control of pea weevil and pea aphid and increased grain yield by 24.22 and 24.14% may be implemented by using acetamiprid and thiacloprid, and rotation of the insecticides according to the necessary numbers of treatments, which is a recognized anti-resistance strategy.",
issn = "2348–3997",
journal = "IJRAS",
keywords = "Insects, Neonicotinoids, Pyrethroids, Toxicity",
month = "March",
note = "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Creative Commons License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
number = "2",
pages = "54-59",
title = "{T}oxicity of {S}ome {P}yrethroids and {N}eonicotinoids used for {I}ndividual and {S}imultaneous {C}ontrol of {B}ruchus {P}isi {L}. and {A}cyrthosiphon {P}isi {K}alt",
volume = "1",
year = "2014",
}